GraphExpert Professional v1.2.0 documentation

Appendix B: Math Symbol Reference

Subscripts and superscripts

Command Result
$alpha_i > beta_i$ \alpha_i > \beta_i
$alpha^2 > beta_i^a$ \alpha^2 > \beta_i^a

Fractions, binomials and stacked numbers

$\frac{3}{4}$

\frac{3}{4}

$\binom{3}{4}$

\binom{3}{4}

$\stackrel{3}{4}$

\stackrel{3}{4}

$\frac{5 - \frac{1}{x}}{4}$

\frac{5 - \frac{1}{x}}{4}

Using parenthesis properly

$(\frac{5 - \frac{1}{x}}{4})$

(\frac{5 - \frac{1}{x}}{4})

Notice how the parenthesis do not properly wrap the object inside. To address this, use the \left and \right qualifiers in front of your parenthesis.

$\left(\frac{5 - \frac{1}{x}}{4}\right)$

\left(\frac{5 - \frac{1}{x}}{4}\right)

Radicals

$\sqrt{2}$

\sqrt{2}

$\sqrt[3]{x}$

\sqrt[3]{x}

Accents

Command Result
\acute a or \'a \acute a
\bar a \bar a
\breve a \breve a
\ddot a or \"a \ddot a
\dot a or \.a \dot a
\grave a or \`a \grave a
\hat a or \^a \hat a
\tilde a or \~a \tilde a
\vec a \vec a
\widehat{xyz} \widehat{xyz}
\widetilde{xyz} \widetilde{xyz}

Symbols

Lower-case Greek

\alpha \alpha \beta \beta \chi \chi \delta \delta \digamma \digamma
\epsilon \epsilon \eta \eta \gamma \gamma \iota \iota \kappa \kappa
\lambda \lambda \mu \mu \nu \nu \omega \omega \phi \phi
\pi \pi \psi \psi \rho \rho \sigma \sigma \tau \tau
\theta \theta \upsilon \upsilon \varepsilon \varepsilon \varkappa \varkappa \varphi \varphi
\varpi \varpi \varrho \varrho \varsigma \varsigma \vartheta \vartheta \xi \xi
\zeta \zeta        

Upper-case Greek

\Delta \Delta \Gamma \Gamma \Lambda \Lambda \Omega \Omega \Phi \Phi \Pi \Pi
\Psi \Psi \Sigma \Sigma \Theta \Theta \Upsilon \Upsilon \Xi \Xi \mho \mho
\nabla \nabla          

Hebrew

\aleph \aleph \beth \beth \daleth \daleth \gimel \gimel

Delimiters

/ / [ [ \Downarrow \Downarrow \Uparrow \Uparrow \Vert \Vert \backslash \backslash
\downarrow \downarrow \langle \langle \lceil \lceil \lfloor \lfloor \llcorner \llcorner \lrcorner \lrcorner
\rangle \rangle \rceil \rceil \rfloor \rfloor \ulcorner \ulcorner \uparrow \uparrow \urcorner \urcorner
\vert \vert \{ \{ \| \| \} \} ] ] | |

Big symbols

\bigcap \bigcap \bigcup \bigcup \bigodot \bigodot \bigoplus \bigoplus \bigotimes \bigotimes
\biguplus \biguplus \bigvee \bigvee \bigwedge \bigwedge \coprod \coprod \int \int
\oint \oint \prod \prod \sum \sum    

Standard function names

\Pr \Pr \arccos \arccos \arcsin \arcsin \arctan \arctan
\arg \arg \cos \cos \cosh \cosh \cot \cot
\coth \coth \csc \csc \deg \deg \det \det
\dim \dim \exp \exp \gcd \gcd \hom \hom
\inf \inf \ker \ker \lg \lg \lim \lim
\liminf \liminf \limsup \limsup \ln \ln \log \log
\max \max \min \min \sec \sec \sin \sin
\sinh \sinh \sup \sup \tan \tan \tanh \tanh

Binary operation and relation symbols

\Bumpeq \Bumpeq \Cap \Cap \Cup \Cup
\Doteq \Doteq \Join \Join \Subset \Subset
\Supset \Supset \Vdash \Vdash \Vvdash \Vvdash
\approx \approx \approxeq \approxeq \ast \ast
\asymp \asymp \backepsilon \backepsilon \backsim \backsim
\backsimeq \backsimeq \barwedge \barwedge \because \because
\between \between \bigcirc \bigcirc \bigtriangledown \bigtriangledown
\bigtriangleup \bigtriangleup \blacktriangleleft \blacktriangleleft \blacktriangleright \blacktriangleright
\bot \bot \bowtie \bowtie \boxdot \boxdot
\boxminus \boxminus \boxplus \boxplus \boxtimes \boxtimes
\bullet \bullet \bumpeq \bumpeq \cap \cap
\cdot \cdot \circ \circ \circeq \circeq
\coloneq \coloneq \cong \cong \cup \cup
\curlyeqprec \curlyeqprec \curlyeqsucc \curlyeqsucc \curlyvee \curlyvee
\curlywedge \curlywedge \dag \dag \dashv \dashv
\ddag \ddag \diamond \diamond \div \div
\divideontimes \divideontimes \doteq \doteq \doteqdot \doteqdot
\dotplus \dotplus \doublebarwedge \doublebarwedge \eqcirc \eqcirc
\eqcolon \eqcolon \eqsim \eqsim \eqslantgtr \eqslantgtr
\eqslantless \eqslantless \equiv \equiv \fallingdotseq \fallingdotseq
\frown \frown \geq \geq \geqq \geqq
\geqslant \geqslant \gg \gg \ggg \ggg
\gnapprox \gnapprox \gneqq \gneqq \gnsim \gnsim
\gtrapprox \gtrapprox \gtrdot \gtrdot \gtreqless \gtreqless
\gtreqqless \gtreqqless \gtrless \gtrless \gtrsim \gtrsim
\in \in \intercal \intercal \leftthreetimes \leftthreetimes
\leq \leq \leqq \leqq \leqslant \leqslant
\lessapprox \lessapprox \lessdot \lessdot \lesseqgtr \lesseqgtr
\lesseqqgtr \lesseqqgtr \lessgtr \lessgtr \lesssim \lesssim
\ll \ll \lll \lll \lnapprox \lnapprox
\lneqq \lneqq \lnsim \lnsim \ltimes \ltimes
\mid \mid \models \models \mp \mp
\nVDash \nVDash \nVdash \nVdash \napprox \napprox
\ncong \ncong \ne \ne \neq \neq
\neq \neq \nequiv \nequiv \ngeq \ngeq
\ngtr \ngtr \ni \ni \nleq \nleq
\nless \nless \nmid \nmid \notin \notin
\nparallel \nparallel \nprec \nprec \nsim \nsim
\nsubset \nsubset \nsubseteq \nsubseteq \nsucc \nsucc
\nsupset \nsupset \nsupseteq \nsupseteq \ntriangleleft \ntriangleleft
\ntrianglelefteq \ntrianglelefteq \ntriangleright \ntriangleright \ntrianglerighteq \ntrianglerighteq
\nvDash \nvDash \nvdash \nvdash \odot \odot
\ominus \ominus \oplus \oplus \oslash \oslash
\otimes \otimes \parallel \parallel \perp \perp
\pitchfork \pitchfork \pm \pm \prec \prec
\precapprox \precapprox \preccurlyeq \preccurlyeq \preceq \preceq
\precnapprox \precnapprox \precnsim \precnsim \precsim \precsim
\propto \propto \rightthreetimes \rightthreetimes \risingdotseq \risingdotseq
\rtimes \rtimes \sim \sim \simeq \simeq
\slash \slash \smile \smile \sqcap \sqcap
\sqcup \sqcup \sqsubset \sqsubset \sqsubset \sqsubset
\sqsubseteq \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupset \sqsupset \sqsupset
\sqsupseteq \sqsupseteq \star \star \subset \subset
\subseteq \subseteq \subseteqq \subseteqq \subsetneq \subsetneq
\subsetneqq \subsetneqq \succ \succ \succapprox \succapprox
\succcurlyeq \succcurlyeq \succeq \succeq \succnapprox \succnapprox
\succnsim \succnsim \succsim \succsim \supset \supset
\supseteq \supseteq \supseteqq \supseteqq \supsetneq \supsetneq
\supsetneqq \supsetneqq \therefore \therefore \times \times
\top \top \triangleleft \triangleleft \trianglelefteq \trianglelefteq
\triangleq \triangleq \triangleright \triangleright \trianglerighteq \trianglerighteq
\uplus \uplus \vDash \vDash \varpropto \varpropto
\vartriangleleft \vartriangleleft \vartriangleright \vartriangleright \vdash \vdash
\vee \vee \veebar \veebar \wedge \wedge
\wr \wr    

Arrow symbols

\Downarrow \Downarrow \Leftarrow \Leftarrow
\Leftrightarrow \Leftrightarrow \Lleftarrow \Lleftarrow
\Longleftarrow \Longleftarrow \Longleftrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow
\Longrightarrow \Longrightarrow \Lsh \Lsh
\Nearrow \Nearrow \Nwarrow \Nwarrow
\Rightarrow \Rightarrow \Rrightarrow \Rrightarrow
\Rsh \Rsh \Searrow \Searrow
\Swarrow \Swarrow \Uparrow \Uparrow
\Updownarrow \Updownarrow \circlearrowleft \circlearrowleft
\circlearrowright \circlearrowright \curvearrowleft \curvearrowleft
\curvearrowright \curvearrowright \dashleftarrow \dashleftarrow
\dashrightarrow \dashrightarrow \downarrow \downarrow
\downdownarrows \downdownarrows \downharpoonleft \downharpoonleft
\downharpoonright \downharpoonright \hookleftarrow \hookleftarrow
\hookrightarrow \hookrightarrow \leadsto \leadsto
\leftarrow \leftarrow \leftarrowtail \leftarrowtail
\leftharpoondown \leftharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoonup
\leftleftarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrow \leftrightarrow
\leftrightarrows \leftrightarrows \leftrightharpoons \leftrightharpoons
\leftrightsquigarrow \leftrightsquigarrow \leftsquigarrow \leftsquigarrow
\longleftarrow \longleftarrow \longleftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow
\longmapsto \longmapsto \longrightarrow \longrightarrow
\looparrowleft \looparrowleft \looparrowright \looparrowright
\mapsto \mapsto \multimap \multimap
\nLeftarrow \nLeftarrow \nLeftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow
\nRightarrow \nRightarrow \nearrow \nearrow
\nleftarrow \nleftarrow \nleftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow
\nrightarrow \nrightarrow \nwarrow \nwarrow
\rightarrow \rightarrow \rightarrowtail \rightarrowtail
\rightharpoondown \rightharpoondown \rightharpoonup \rightharpoonup
\rightleftarrows \rightleftarrows \rightleftarrows \rightleftarrows
\rightleftharpoons \rightleftharpoons \rightleftharpoons \rightleftharpoons
\rightrightarrows \rightrightarrows \rightrightarrows \rightrightarrows
\rightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow \searrow \searrow
\swarrow \swarrow \to \to
\twoheadleftarrow \twoheadleftarrow \twoheadrightarrow \twoheadrightarrow
\uparrow \uparrow \updownarrow \updownarrow
\updownarrow \updownarrow \upharpoonleft \upharpoonleft
\upharpoonright \upharpoonright \upuparrows \upuparrows
   

Miscellaneous symbols

\$ \$ \AA \AA \Finv \Finv
\Game \Game \Im \Im \P \P
\Re \Re \S \S \angle \angle
\backprime \backprime \bigstar \bigstar \blacksquare \blacksquare
\blacktriangle \blacktriangle \blacktriangledown \blacktriangledown \cdots \cdots
\checkmark \checkmark \circledR \circledR \circledS \circledS
\clubsuit \clubsuit \complement \complement \copyright \copyright
\ddots \ddots \diamondsuit \diamondsuit \ell \ell
\emptyset \emptyset \eth \eth \exists \exists
\flat \flat \forall \forall \hbar \hbar
\heartsuit \heartsuit \hslash \hslash \iiint \iiint
\iint \iint \iint \iint \imath \imath
\infty \infty \jmath \jmath \ldots \ldots
\measuredangle \measuredangle \natural \natural \neg \neg
\nexists \nexists \oiiint \oiiint \partial \partial
\prime \prime \sharp \sharp \spadesuit \spadesuit
\sphericalangle \sphericalangle \ss \ss \triangledown \triangledown
\varnothing \varnothing \vartriangle \vartriangle \vdots \vdots
\wp \wp \yen \yen